Among other things, Vegeta's unique palette while on a random planet in the beginning of the series has been altered, however, Nappa's armor is still different from the armor he wears on Earth (although it is possible he has more than one suit of armor). Piccolo's blood in the Raditz fight has also been recolored to the proper purple color. (In Z, he was drawn with red blood in this fight which was inconsistent with the rest of the series.)
In the ending credits Launch is shown along with the rest of the cast. This is interesting because all the scenes from Dragon Ball Z she was in were filler that have been cut out.
Some (but not all) of the gory moments have been edited to a degree along with nudity.

Trivia

In Dragonball Z when Piccolo fires his special beam cannon attack at Raditz and Goku, he creates a hole through both of them and a heavy amount of blood is shown, while in Dragonball Kai, no blood is seen at all, save for the holes that Piccolo creates in the centers of their bodies. More recently, in the scene where Krillin blasts a hole through Vegeta, only blood stains are seen in Kai while in Z there is blood coming out of the hole. Similarly, when Vegeta is executed by Frieza, we don't actually see the beam penetrate his chest. Nudity is notably edited as well such as in the first episode of Kai, when ever Goku (as a baby) is shown, his genitals are covered up by making objects that he is sitting on appear to be covering his genitals. In a similar manner in episode 4 of Kai, Gohan's genitals are edited as well by using his tail to cover him when he is shrinking from his Great Ape state to his normal self. All these edits are made quite possibly because Japan's television broadcasting laws have become

stricter since Dragonball Z has first aired.

New Scene: Vegeta's Assault. Click to enlarge (1280 × 720).
Episode 16 is the first episode in the series that includes several instances of completely new animation spliced in with the original. More than likely this was done to bridge gaps left behind when filler material was removed, so as to keep the length and pace of the episode intact; however it is also possible that this was done to replace damaged frames. This is seen again in Episode 21 at time indexes 14:25 through 14:50 and again, numerous times, interlaced with the original animation, starting at 18:44 and lasting until 21:44 (the end of the episode). The style of the animation should be considered "neo-classic" for it is designed to blend in seamlessly with the existing animation.

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